Category Article
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2009-10-06

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ǰ(www.pqtech.co.kr)
ں ǥ̻
(031)303-5530 / bjpark@pqtech.co.kr




Բ ι ȯ ũ Ȯǰ ְ, ο ǻͿ , Ź⸦ ǰ Ϸ ̷ ִ. Դٰ ֱ ũ ǰ ִ ȯ ̿ϰ ֱ ̿ ȯ ǿ ߻  ų ɼ ִ. ̸ ׸ б ̺ Ҽ, , , ʿ ִ. ֱ LPQI(Leonardo Power Quality Initiative) 迡 ϸ ü 25 ǰ ȸ ս 300 ϴ ƴ. ս ϱ ̱ ϰ ִ. IEEE std. 519-1991, IEEE std. 1531-2003, IEEE std. 1459-2000, IEC 61000 Series ִ. ڴ 츮󿡼 ϰ å ϴ ־ ƴ .

[ǥ 1] ǰ

[׸ 1] Ͽ


[׸ 2] Ī


[׸ 3] Ī


1. ǰ
ǰ <ǥ 1> پ · Ÿ. 翡 ϸ Sag ܽð ذ ü 59% ϴ , ڸ ̾ 35%, ð øĿ EMC 3%, Ŀ ذ Ÿ.
Ŀ 25 Ը 6,000 ߻ սǺ ִ.

2. ǿ
<׸ 1> ϴܰ Ͽ 60 ϰ Ǹ ְ 帣 ȴ. ֱ ݺǴ ̷ а ļ а ļ ռ , ϰؼ Ķ θ. , 帣 ϴ ߻ °뿡 Ű ߻ ۿѴ.
׷ٸ ʿѰ. ȿ ؾ ϴ ˰ ִ. װ ȿ ּȭ Ͽ սǷκ ϱ ̴. ʿ ּȭ ϸ ս ũ ִ. Ӹ ƴ϶ Ǵ ϰ Ǵµ, ⺻Ŀ ø ´. ϰ Ǹ ּȭ ִ. Ϸ ϱ ϴ ε, ణ ٸ 뿡 3% , 뿡 Ư 츦 ϰ 5% Ϸ Ѵ. Ư ̳ , Data Ϳ 3% ϰ Ͱ κϿ з 8% 10% ϰ ִ.
ĸ ϰ Ѵٸ а , п ˾Ƶ ʿ䰡 ִ. Ĵ 4, 7, 10 3n-2, Ĵ 2, 5, 8 3n-1, Ĵ 3, 6, 9 3n شϴ ȴ. ⼭ ָ ټ ÿ 3 4 ϰ ֱ ߼ ū ߼ 帣 Ǵ ϰ Ǵ ̴. ؼ å ־ ſ ߿ Ǵµ, ǥϴ Ÿ < > .



<׸ 4> 3 11% 0, 5 65% 180, 7 48% 0 ְ ̸, <׸ 5> ǿ 5 0Ʒ ȭŲ ̴. 82% , İġ 2.86 1.46, 1.65 1.16 ū ̸ δ. ɵ , ¿ϴ ٽɿҷ ۿϰ ȴ.

3. ߻ ǥ
<׸ 6> <׸ 7> 忡 ִ ºȯġμ ġ θ Ÿ´. ʹ ַ ι Ͽ Ǹ, ʹ Ӹͳ UPS  ȴ. 긮ȸδ 6޽̱ h=kp1 5 , 7 , 11 , 13 ߻ Ǹ, ̷ ߻ Ih=If/h 5 ũ Ÿ. ̷ 5 20% 忡 ٿ ϸ 60% ̻ Ÿ 찡 . ̵ ǥ θ ߻ ִ.
<׸ 10> ο ǻ, ι , 繫̳ ÿ ܻϸ äϰ ִ 3 4 ߼ Ÿ ̴. 3 ο 3 , 9 , 15 İ ٷ ߼ ſ ū 帣 ǰ MCCB Ű ۿѴ. ǰ ַ äϰ ִ ܵ Է ̿ ȸ Է Ʈ 3 79%, 5 50%, 7 24%, 9 9%, 11 6%, 13 4% ߻ȴ.



IEEE P519A/D7 Ÿ ߻ ǥ 밡 꿡 Ǵ ġ ̵ ܻġ Wi 2.5, ITHD 80%, ι Էȸ Wi 2.0, ITHD 80%, 3% ACL ΰ ι Wi 1.0, ITHD 40%, UPS Էȸ Wi 0.8, ITHD 28%, 12޽ Wi 0.8, ITHD 15% ̴.

İ ġ

İ ġ ¿ ܵ , , Ҽ ִ. , ߻, ⱸ л, , Data Center , , б  ս Ÿ. ڷῡ ϸ ¿ ܵ 70%, 8%, ܱ⸦ 5%, 17%, Ư ¿ ܵ ذ ū .

1. б Derating
Ŀ ۿϴ Ͽ ϴ п б ս( + ǥϼ) ս ִ. ս ļ İ ս Ŀ ȴ. İ ٷ Ե п б ݿ ũ ġ ۿ . 迡 ϸ 쿡 б 30~40% Ͽ ϰ ߻Ǵ 츦 ִ. ̿ б Ͽ ȿ ۿ Derating̶ Ѵ. İ ҿ б⸦ 쿡 ʿ䰡 ִ. ̶ 迡 ʿ K factor̴.



2. K factor
K factor ANSI/IEEE C57.110 ̴. б ġ ϴ ġ, K factor 1.0 ϸ ǹѴ. K factor Ŭ б ⿩ ٴ ȴ.
< > IEEE Std 1100-1992ǡK factor ҰѴ.



⼭ h Ÿ. Irms < > .



3. Ŀ
Ŀ ҰѴ. ̶ Ŀ ܼ ׺곭 ȸη ǥ ִ. <׸ 11> Ŀ Ǵ, ܵ ȸη ̸, <׸ 12> Ǵ Ÿ ̴.
˾Ƶ־  ̶ ¿ ܵ ũ Ѵٸ ش Ǵ ܵ ȸ Ǵ ߻ȴ.
ٸ Ͱ ִٸ ش Ǵ Ư ȸ Ǵ ȴ. <׸ 13> ش.
<׸ 11> ư ˾ƺ . б Ͻ ⺻Ŀ j0.6ة, ܵ Ͻ -j30.23ة̶ ϸ, ̵ ȸ ⺻Ŀ ռ Ǵ j0.61ة ȴ. ̶ ⺻ 1A 긮 Ǹ j0.61V Ǹ, б ȸο 帣 1.02A, ܵ 帣 -0.02A ū .
׷ 7 ؼ ϸ б 7 Ͻ j4.27, ܵ ȸ 7 Ͻ -j4.327 Ǿ ̵ ȸ ռ Ǵ ϸ j153.77 ȴ. ⿡ 7 1A7 긮 Ǹ j153.7V7 ǰ, ̶ б 帣 36A7, ܵ ȸο 帣 -35A7 Ǿ 35 Ȯ 귯 뿡 ɰ ߱Ų. ̷ ͸ 쿡 Ͽ پ ó 𵨸 ǰ ݵž Ѵ.



Ǵ ǥ ǥؿ IEEE std. 519 IEC 61000 Series ִ. ⼭ IEEE std. 519 ַ Ұϰ IEC 61000 Series ̿ ԰ Ѵ.
IEEE std. 519-1992 ڿ Һڰ Ѿ ̴. Һڴ PCC ܶ ִ ⷮ ġ ̳ ϰ Ǹ PCC ڰ ġ ̳ ؾ Ѵٴ ̰ ո ǥ̴.
<ǥ 5> ð ̻ ӵǴ ־ ݿؾ Ѵ. ⵿ ÿ ª ǿ 50% ʰ ֵ ߴ.
ð ȭϴ 򰡿 , ¸ ϱ . 쿡 Ȯ Ѱ ũ ӽð ִ.
Ȯ THD[%] X࿡ з(Bins) Ⱓ ߻ 󵵼 شǴ ߻ 󵵼 ü Ͽ ġ 95[%] Ǵ X THD[%] ϴµ, ġ ̳ ־ Ѵ. ð ȭϴ IEEE P519A 4.2.1 Ǿ ִ.





ĸ Կ ־ Ҹ ϴ ſ ߿ϴ. ݵ PCC(Point of Common Coupling) ̷߸ °ڿ Һ Ÿ 򰡰 ̷. ̰ ϴ ٸ 밡 ϰ ִ ǹѴ.
ĸ б 2 ʿ ϴ ̴. ⿡ б Ǽ 1 ũ⸦ , б ἱ Ŀ ޱ ̸ ؾ Ѵ. а Ĵ 󰢿 ȭ Ͽ Ѵ.



<׸ 14> 3 ĸ Ʒ׸ б 2 б 1 Dἱ ȯ Ǿ 1 а ָ ̷ ȭƴ.
и Կ ־ PT ϰ ȴ. PT 3kԱ ȣ ļ Ư ϰ ־ . ׷ ⺻Ŀ ϰ Ʃ Ǿ ִ CCVTs(Capacitive Coupled Voltage Transformers) ū Ÿ .
ġ % ǥϴµ, ̴ ݵ ִ Ÿ Ѵ. ǥϵ ⺻ %ΰ ǥؼ ȴ. ֳϸ ⺻ ¿ ׽ ȭϱ ȯ ǥؾ Ѵ. ÿ ſ ITHD Ÿµ ġ ̳μ 찡 .



ITDD(Total Demand Distortion) ǥϴ ٶϴ. 峻 ϸ 쿡 Ͽ ϴ Ǵ. ֳϸ ټ Ϸκ ߻ İ ̰ Ǹ 󰢿 ִ ǹǷ ؼ ڷ Ȱ ִ.
CT ļ Ư ְ 3kԱ 3 ؾ Ѵ. CT Ư ġ ũ⺸ٴ 󰢿 ū ְ Ǿ Ǹ Ѵ.
ֱ ſ Ӻ Ϸ Ư ľϴ ϳ ҿ ּ Ѵ. Ư ũ Ͽ ȭϴ Ͽ ؼ Ⱓ ø ʿ䰡 ִ.
߿ μ ؾ Ѵ.
ҳ ܵ
и 뿡 ġ
ȸ ܵ
̻ ޿ Ȯϰ ̿
ٸ տ
α 밡κ ߻Ǵ

ǥϴ δ (Snapshot) ŸƮ(Time Trend), Ȯ׷, ֱ ũ⸦ Ÿ Magnitude/Duration Plot Ѵ.



1.
ʹ зϿ ִµ п 6޽ Ͱ ȭ ǵǰ ְ ġ Ư¡ ִ.
̳ а뿡 Ǵ , ͸ <׸ 17> Ÿ´. Detune Filter Ҹ ʹ 5 LC 4.6~4.7 ̴. ̰ ش ον Ȯ븦 ϰ Ϳ ܵ ΰǴ δ ٿ ϰ ǰ ִ.



Ǵ Ͽ Ͻ ū ¿ ϴ ִ. ܵ 0 ̸ 긦 ̿ϸ ذ ϴ.
<׸ 18> 5,000ұ 6޽ 4븦 ϰ ִ ȭа 22.9 ο ͸ ʷ 5 4,000Ar, 7 2,000Ar, 11 High Pass 3,500Ar üϿ 7.8% 2.9% ̴.
<׸ 19> б⸦ ̿ (Zero Sequence Filter)μ а Ǵ ũ ϰ Ǵ ּȭϿ ܻ Ϸκ ߻Ǵ 3 ȿ ϵ Ư¡ε, 3 4 Ŀ Ѵ. Ѱ Ϻ ϱ ƴ.
<׸ 20> ĸ ߼ 130A 25A Ȯ ִ.



ٸ ϳ ܼ μ ٻȭ ִµ, <׸ 21> б Ǽ ٸ ġϿ 6޽ Ⱑ 12޽ ȿ Ÿ´.

2. ɵ
ɵ  FFT(Fast Fourier Transformation) dqȯ ַ ϰ ִ. δ 3 3 ɵ Ͱ ̸, δ 3 4 ɵ Ϳ ܻ ɵ ͸ ַ Ѵ. ݱ Կ Դ ɵ ͸ ǰ߰ ȭ ߿ ȣ ް ִ.
<׸ 23> ¸ ϰ ִٸ ̴ ⺻ а ȴ. ɵ ׸ а ġϰ Ͽ ϸ ⺻ и ȴ. , ɵ ʹ Ͽ Ŵν 帣 Ͽ ּȭϴ Ѵ. ȸ ⺻ ¿ IGBT ܵ ũ ̷ Stack 뿬 Ϳ PWM ޽ ִ ȸ̴. ̹ۿ б м, , ǻ, MCCB, , SMPS, Fan ȴ.



3 4 а뿡 Ǵ ɵ <׸ 24> 緡 3 Legged Neutral Clamped İ 4 Legged ִ. ڴ 긮 ι · DC ܵ ߼ Ѵ. Zero State Ͽ ϴ 츱 ̿ . ݸ ڴ 300% شϴ ¼ڿ δͰ ߰Ǿ . DC ܵ Ȯǰ ȸθ ȯϴ ս ũ ̴ ִ.



<׸25> IPF4 ܰ Ÿ. <׸26> <׸ 27> 3 4 а뿡 IPF4 ϱ Ư Ÿ. 17%~20% İ ٷ ԵǾ ߼ Ͽ 510A 귶 IPF4 Ŀ 3%~4% , ߼ 80A ҵ Ȯ ִ. ܷ κ ⺻ ľ ƴ.



̷ ¼Һ ݵü ºȯġ ǹ . Ȳ ǻ° ȿ, ȿ ̿ܿ ο ֶ ̷а , ó ̷а ̷κ Ļ Ȱȭ » Ȱ Ҿ ְ ִ. ֱ 츮󿡼 ԰ õ ̷ ս ̰ ݿ ģ ȸ ս ٿ ư 鿡 ū Ʋ ϰ Ǿ ེ ȴ. ںе Ŀ νİ Ⱑ ϴ ٶ̴. ƿ﷯ ö Ư ƽ ȸ ̷ Ѵ.



԰
IEEE Std 519-1992 IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems.
IEEE Std 1531-2003 IEEE Guide for Application and Specification of Harmonic Filters.
IEEE Std 1459-2000 IEEE Trial Use Standard Definition for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions.
EC/TR3 61000-3-2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-2 : Limits - Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current 16A per phase).
IEC/TS 61000-3-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-4 : Limits - Limitation of emission of harmonic currents in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated current greater than 16A.
IEC/TR3 61000-3-6 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Part 3 : Limits - Section 6 : Assessment of emission limits for distorting loads in MV and HV power systems - Basic EMC publication.
IEC 61000-4-7 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Part 4 : Testing and measurement techniques - Section 7 : General guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurements and instrumentation for power supply systems
and equipment connected thereto.

Ʈ ̽

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