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2013 7 2 (ȭ) 00:00:00 |   ( 2013 7ȣ - ü )

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Ϻ ׸ ҸŰ Ʒ Ǿ 1951 ȸ ο ֽȸ · ٲ õ ޾Դ. ׷ δ ο ȸ簡 ƴ ġü ü ֹο ȸ鵵 ټ ϰ ִ. ̷ ̴ ̳ Ư ϰ ִ.

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⼭ ̱ 4(, , , Ż) ¿ ϰ 캻.
 
̱
̱ ڴ ο, , տ ũ еǾ, Ѽ 3000 Ѵ´. ο 200 , Ǹ· հ ̱ ü 7 ϰ ִ. οڴ Ϻ ȸ , ۹, Ҹ Ͽ ϴ Ϲ ¿. ׷ 1990 Ĺݺ ֿ ǽõ Ҹ ȭ ӿ ι и 䱸DZ ߰, ű⿡ Ͽ ι ȭ Ű ڵ ־. 뷫 2000, κ ġü 濵ü Ǿ ־. οڰ ַ úθ ޴ ϰ ִ Ϳ , ڿ տ ڴ οڰ ޴ ʾҴ ġü ֹε ڽ ϰ ִ ȭϱ ڸ ߴ. Ǹ · հ ̱ ü 15%̸, κ ·Ҹ ƯȭŰ ִ. ǸŸ å ȯ ׳׽ð ȸ(TVA) ׺ ±(BPA) 濵 ׸ οڿ Ű ޴ Ϲ̾, ĶϾ ũ ȸ(SMUD) ν ±(LADWP) ҸŰޱ · ϰ Ը ũ. ׺귡ī ڴ Ǵ տ οڴ ʴ´. տ 900 ̸̰, Ǹ ¾ հ ̱ ü 10%̸ ϰ ִ. ֹ ߽ μ Ϲ Ը ں ۴. ̱ ü ַ ִٴ ָȴ. Ǹſ ؼ ָ ѳ ŷ̱ ( ȸ: FERC) ϴ Ϳ , ҸǸſ (ͻȸ: PUC) ִ.
 
ڴ ֽȸ ʰ Ҵ. ֽȸȭ·οȭ ϴ ü մ޾ ټ ֽ ϴ ʵ ִ. (EU) ȭ ɿ ι и(鸵Unbundling) ǽõǰ ִٴ ū Ư¡ ϳ̴. 1990, ȭ ǽÿ Բ ڿ ߼۹ οȭϰ, ڿ и԰ ÿ Բ οȭϿ 12 ȸ ϴ ǽߴ. ڿ ȸ ߽ M&A ῡ ۽̰ ǰ , ڴ( National Grid ) RWE E. ON, EDF, Iberdorola, Scottish&Southern Energy 5 ü Ǿ. ⿡ űԷ ߴ British Gas ߰ 6 üμ ҸŽ 95% ϰ ִ. , National Grid Ʈũ Lattice ż, ̱ ·Ҹ ż ؿ ϰ ִ. EDF 1946⿡ ȭ ķ ҸŰ  Դ. 2004⿡ ֽȸȭ Ǿ 2005⿡ ֽ Ϻΰ Ǿ, ΰ е ټ ֽ Ÿ ־ ǻ EDF ϰ ִ Ȳ . EU ȭ ɿ ǰ EDF ι̾ RTE 2005⿡ ȭǾ EDF ȸ簡 Ǿ. 2009 8 ֽ ȭ ɿ ӱ 繫鿡 Ȯ Ȯ 䱸Ǿ Ѵٸ, EDF RTE ڰ踦 ϴ ȴ. Ͽ ο ڿ ټ ġü ڰ ϰ ִ. ο ڴ , ۹, ҸŰ ȭϿ, ׷ ϰ ִ. 1998, Ҹ ȭ 8 ڰ M&A , RWE, E. ON, EnBW, Vattenfall Europe 4 ȸ Ǿ. EnBW EDF Ͽ , Vattenfall Europe Vattenfall ȸ̴. RWE E.ON ֽ ϰ , RWE ֽ 15% ρƮȸ (RWE ޱ ش) ġü ֽĺ RW Energie-Beteiligungsgesellschaft ϰ ִ. ġ ü ڴ 뷫 900 , ڿ ǽϰ ִ. Ǹϴ κ 忡 ϰ , Ϻο ¼ ڵ ִ. 4 ο ڴ EU ȭ ɿ ι 鸵Unbundling 䱸 , ι ȭϰ ȸ ¸ ߾ ڽ ׷ ϴ äؿԴ. 2008, E. ON Vattenfall Europa ι 3ڿ 絵 и Ȳ ȭϰ ִ. Żƿ 1962, ENEL ȭ ȭ 帧 Ÿ 1992⿡ ֽȸ簡 Ǿ. Ż δ ߿׿ źα ִ 20% ̻ ֽĸ Ѵ.

 
а ļ
δ а ļ Ϻ Ȳ .


Ϻ ǥν 100V 200V ִ. 26 1װ Ģ 44 1׿ ǰ, Ϲ ڿ Ư ڴ ǥ 100V 101V ± 6V ̳, 200V ؼ 202V ± 20V ̳ ϵ ǹȭǾ. <ǥ 1> ܱ ֿ ÿ ÿ ޵ǰ ִ Ÿ ̴. ǥκ ֵ , ޵Ǵ 110V~415V ſ پϰ Ÿ, īī, Ÿ, ũٿó ÿ ޵Ǵ ٸ 쵵 ִ. Ϻ 100V п Ѵٴ ǵ 캼 ִ. ʷ‘̱ 󹫺 ’ 2002 2 ؿ ڿ ڷ,Electric Current Abroad Ƹ޸ī ȭ ϳ׽׿ 460V, ̼п 450V Ƿ ִ. ̿ ܼƮ µ پϴ. ٶ 2 ÷ Ա Ϻ ܼƮ 翡 ؼ Ϻ԰ JIS C8303 : 2007‘ 輱÷׻ӱ’ ִ. ܱ ǰ ִ ܼƮ ũ зϸ 7 , ռ Electric Current Abroad 12 ִ. п ־ 󺰷 Ѵ. Ϻ ⼳ ϴ 2 ‘’= 750V, 600V, ‘’= 750Vʰ 7000V, 600Vʰ 7000V, ‘Ư’=7000Vʰ , а , Ư ϰ ִ. ̱ 34.5~115Ǹ‘Medium Voltage(MV)’, 115~230Ǹ‘High Voltage(HV)’, ̻‘Extra High Voltage(EHV)’ Ī ϰ , EHV HV Ե MV ԵǴ ԵǴ зȴ. MV 10~50, HV 60~150, EHV 220 ̻ , MV HV , EHV ϴ ִ.

ļ
Ϻ Ȫī̵, ȣ, 50, ֺ, ȣ, , ְ, , Խ, ŰͿ 60Է ȿ 2 ļ äõǰ ִ. Ϻ â⿡ Ϸκ 50 ⸦, ī ̱κ 60 ⸦ ϰ ܼ Ǿ. ̷κ 50, ̱ 60 ļ äõǰ ִٴ ִ. Ѷ 25Կ 133(1/3)Կ ̸ پ ļ Ⱑ ޵Ǿ ô뵵 ߾. ؼ ȸ , , а ϸ鼭 پ ϰ ̴. 翡 Ϲ ڿ 50/60 ̿ ļ ϴ , , Ʈ, 󿡼 ö 16(2/3) ļ äõǰ ִ.


 
<׸ 1> <׸ 2> Ϻ ܱ 뷮 ذ · ̴. ó Ȳ ݿϰ ִ. ̱ Ͽ ȭ¹ , ߿ źȭ ϴ ̰ 鿡 ִ źڿ dzϴٴ ְ ִ. ijٿ ¹ ijٰ dz ڿ ϰ ֱ ̴. ׸ ǥõ 븣(2006 뷮 ؿ : 98.0%, ), (48.3%) 󿡼 ¹ ͵ ̿ ̴. ̿ ڿ 󿡼 ڷ . ó Ʈ ͽ ߱ ִ. ŷ ̷ , Ʈ ͽ ϰ ִ. , Ż ڱ ڷ ϰ , 2006⿡ κ 14222鸸h, 23486鸸h ϰ ִ. 2006, 籹 · ϴ ڷ 79.1%, 42.4%̱ , Żƴ 21207鸸h ڷ ϰ ̴. ̰ Ż · 6% شϴ ̴.

*
ݱ , а ļ, ̶ 3 ̱ ߽ Ȳ Ϻ 񱳸 õ Ҵ. ü ҹϰ ٲ ƴ, ⸦ , , ϴ ü ´ Ư ȯ濡 ޶. ̰ ׸ Ư¡ 濡 ϴ , ȭ ӿ ȣ Ȯǰ ְް ִ.

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